Pulse Velocity Tester – Vikasonic
Vikasonic is an ultrasonic testing device designed for measuring the setting time and detecting internal damage in concrete and other materials. It features adjustable frequency options (54 kHz or 80 kHz) and provides highly accurate measurements with a pulse width of ≤ 1µs and sensitivity better than 250µV. The device offers features like pulse velocity calculation, Young's Modulus, real-time clock, temperature measurement using a Type K thermocouple, and a USB interface for data storage. It operates on mains or internal battery power and is suitable for both lab and on-site structural damage assessments, including freeze-thaw resistance testing.
In the early 1960s, researchers proposed using ultrasonic transition time to measure the setting of mortar and fresh concrete as an alternative to traditional methods like the penetrometer and Vicat apparatus, which have certain limitations. In collaboration with a German dry-mix company, Qualitest-Schleibinger developed a specialized ultrasonic unit featuring an integrated data logger and a custom-designed setup for mortar specimens.
Measurement Principle
Fresh mortar is placed between two ultrasonic transducers, which emit pulses at intervals of 0.25 seconds or less at a frequency of 54 kHz. As the mortar sets, the ultrasonic transition time changes. Once the binder begins to form a cohesive structure, the speed of the ultrasonic waves increases. When a fully developed crystalline structure is established, the rate of change in sound speed slows. However, as the cement stone continues to aggregate, the speed increases again.
Measurement Setup
Each measurement cell contains a pair of ultrasonic transducers. The Vikasonic continuously records ultrasonic transition time and signal damping, storing data digitally on a standard USB drive. Each dataset can contain over 300,000 data points, including date, time, sound speed (m/s), Young’s modulus (GPa), and signal strength (dB). Temperature readings inside the specimen are captured using a Type K thermocouple and recorded in Celsius.
The device is operated with a single wheel, easily managed even while wearing protective gloves. It runs on mains power or batteries, making it suitable for on-site measurements, including structural damage assessments. Using the C0026 measurement bath, the system can detect internal damage in concrete cubes during freeze-thaw cycle tests like the CIF test.
The Qualitest-Schleibinger Vikasonic operates independently, requiring no PC during tests. Data can be directly imported into Excel, and the proprietary software developed by Qualitest-Schleibinger can be customized to meet specific requirements.
Application Example
Penetration depth in mm over time in minutes - 5 times measured with same material and the same water/binder ratio
Tests with the Vicat Apparatus
With the Vicat apparatus the deviation in percent depends on the penetration depth. With this tests the deviation range was from 27% to 40%.
Ultrasonic sound speed in m/s over time in minutes - 5 times measured with same material and the same water/binder ratio
Test with the Vikasonic Ultrasonic Method
With the ultrasonic test the deviation was 18%. So the ultrasonic method is more accurate then the Vicat method.
Penetration depth (blue) in mm and and ultrasonic sound speed (magenta) in m/s over time in minutes - 5 times measured with same material and the same water/binder ratio
Penetration depth in mm over the ultrasonic sound speed for 2 materials (KIS) with different water/binder ratio and another material (RGB)
Comparison of Both Methods
The correlation between the Vicat test and the Vikasonic ultrasonic method varies depending on the material and mix design. Therefore, calibration between the two methods is necessary for each specific mix. Once this calibration curve is established, the ultrasonic test can effectively replace the Vicat test.
While the initial cost of the ultrasonic setup is moderately higher, it requires fewer personnel and provides more objective and reliable results.
Testing Youngs Modulus or Inner Damage of Concrete Elements with the Vikasonic
The Vikasonic is not only suitable for measuring setting times but also for detecting internal damage in specimens or structural elements. For this application, we recommend using the 54 kHz transducers (order code U0009). Applying an organic, grease-free coupling gel ensures direct and effective contact with the specimen for accurate measurements.
Specimens can be tested either by direct contact with the transducers or in a water bath, where water acts as the coupling agent. This method ensures results are unaffected by the alignment of the transducers.
The bath setup features two 80 kHz transducers mounted on opposite sides (order code C0026). This approach complies with CEN/TS 12390-9, "Testing Hardened Concrete — Part 9: Freeze-Thaw Resistance with De-Icing Salts — Scaling," and CEN/TR 15177, "Testing the Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Concrete — Internal Structural Damage."
Standards
- ASTM C 597-16: Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity through Concrete.
- EN 12504-4:2021: Testing concrete — Determination of ultrasonic pulse velocity.
- BS 1881: Part 203: Testing concrete — Recommendations for measuring ultrasonic pulse velocity in concrete.
- NF P 98-231-5 (April 1997): Tests related to pavements — Compaction tests on non-bituminous materials. Part 5: Workability time limit determination of granular materials bound with cementitious binders using sonic examination.
- CEN/TS 12390-9: Testing hardened concrete — Part 9: Freeze-thaw resistance with de-icing salts (Scaling).
- CEN/TR 15177: Testing the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete — Internal structural damage.
